Different Ratios Of Components Research Articles

Experimental research on optimizing carbon materials for filtration applications in medicine

In the present investigation, carbonized rice husk (CRH) were used as a feedstock for obtaining experimental samples of a carbon monolith. The choice of carbonized rice husk is due to environmental friendliness and availability, optimal physico-chemical and structural features. CRH was obtained by carbonization of rice husks in steam at 900–950 °C, followed by demineralization of 2–15 % nitric acid. The article is devoted to the study of carbon material for use in medicine. In this work, 9 samples of a carbon monolith with different ratios of components were obtained. The samples were obtained on the basis of CRH and plastic mass, which were used as binders. A sample with optimal characteristics was determined: sorption capacity 75.6 %, specific surface according to the multi-current BET method 360.56 m2, sorption of ethyl alcohol in biological media 50 %. Sorption capacity was determined using methylene blue dye, which simulates medium molecular weight toxicants. The specific surface area was measured on a sorbtometer using the multiprecision BET method, and the sorption of ethyl alcohol in biological media was determined on a chromatograph. It has been established that the carbon-silicon composition of the sorbent has the mildest sorption compared to the pure carbon composition. Sample No. 8 has a high specific surface area and sorption capacity, which will allow it to absorb a wide range of toxins of various origins, including biological fluids

Influence of compatibilizer component on the properties of modified asphalt for disposable medical masks

Due to the impact of COVID-19, there has been a significant increase in the production of disposable medical masks (DMM), resulting in substantial environmental damage. To address this environmental concern, numerous scholars have conducted research on the performance of DMM modified asphalt. However, there is still a lack of research regarding the influence of compatibilizer components on the performance of DMM modified asphalt. In this study, compatibilizers-B, C, and D, each with different ratios of components, were prepared by blending compatibilizer A (enriched in saturated components) with compatibilizer E (enriched in aromatics). The effects of these different compatibilizers on the properties of DMM modified asphalt were further investigated. Firstly, the high-temperature rheological properties of various samples were studied through the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. Additionally, the mechanism of DMM modified asphalt properties under the influence of different compatibilizer components was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. The performance of DMM modified asphalt in the presence of various compatibilizers was evaluated by conventional experiments. Finally, an infrared spectroscopy test was conducted to calculate the carbonyl and sulphoxide group indexes and to study the high-temperature stability of the DMM modified asphalt under the influence of different components of compatibilizer. The results indicate that the higher the aromatic content in the compatibilizer, the lower the glass transition temperature of DMM modified asphalt, leading to improved low-temperature performance. Enhanced crosslinking and dispersion of DMM fibers in the asphalt result in improved high-temperature stability and thermodynamic behavior. Comparing the samples of compatibilizer-D (48.54% aromatic compounds) and compatibilizer-E (72.82% aromatic compounds), DMM modified asphalt initially exhibits an increase in both softening point and Brookfield viscosity, followed by a decrease. Meanwhile, the penetration value shows the opposite trend, with an improvement in storage stability.

Phase separation of protein mixtures is driven by the interplay of homotypic and heterotypic interactions

Prion-like low-complexity domains (PLCDs) are involved in the formation and regulation of distinct biomolecular condensates that form via phase separation coupled to percolation. Intracellular condensates often encompass numerous distinct proteins with PLCDs. Here, we combine simulations and experiments to study mixtures of PLCDs from two RNA-binding proteins, hnRNPA1 and FUS. Using simulations and experiments, we find that 1:1 mixtures of A1-LCD and FUS-LCD undergo phase separation more readily than either of the PLCDs on their own due to complementary electrostatic interactions. Tie line analysis reveals that stoichiometric ratios of different components and their sequence-encoded interactions contribute jointly to the driving forces for condensate formation. Simulations also show that the spatial organization of PLCDs within condensates is governed by relative strengths of homotypic versus heterotypic interactions. We uncover rules for how interaction strengths and sequence lengths modulate conformational preferences of molecules at interfaces of condensates formed by mixtures of proteins.

Revisiting soil microbial biomass: Considering changes in composition with growth rate

Soil microbial biomass is assumed to have stable chemical composition. Various components of the biomass such as DNA, ATP, or chloroform-labile organic carbon are measured in soil and converted into total microbial biomass using experimentally derived conversion factors, which are also assumed to be constant. However, several observations suggest the opposite. The composition of soil microbial biomass is likely changing with specific growth rate as observed in pure cultures of single microbial species. In this study, we define a “sub-Microbial” model that explicitly represents changes in composition of soil microbial biomass associated with changes in specific growth rate. We calibrate the model with published data and compare its performance with the simpler Monod and Pirt models, which consider microbial biomass as a single pool with invariant chemical composition. The model explains well the variability in chloroform-labile content of microbial biomass following organic substrate additions as well as variability in ratios of different components of microbial biomass. Changes in composition of soil microbial biomass are quantitatively significant and occur over hours and days resulting in our sub-Microbial model outperforming both the Monod and Pirt models. Our results further indicate that the composition of soil microbial biomass changes consistently with growth rate across various soils. Here, we provide a methodological recommendation how to determine total soil microbial biomass and its physiological characteristics such as growth rate, turnover rate and substrate use efficiency as accurately as possible. In light of the presented results, we would like to initiate a discussion about the methodological issues associated with measurement of soil microbial biomass as these measurements are expected to inform a new generation of microbially-explicit soil biogeochemical models predicting development of terrestrial ecosystems under various scenarios.

A novel plug-in self-locking inter-module connection for modular steel buildings

The inter-module connection of modular steel building components is key to ensuring the integrity and stability of modular steel buildings. To tackle the existing technical problems of the inter-module connection, especially those related to the complex on-site installation process, and ensure installation quality, this study presents a novel plug-in self-locking connection involving a lock cylinder consisting of two horizontal locking blocks, a locking plate, and an inner insert plate. A series of axial tensile tests were conducted on plug-in self-locking inter-module connections by changing the processing and the thickness ratio of different components of the locking cylinder (i.e. hP: hC: hI). In addition, mechanical tests were performed to study the axial tensile load capacity, axial tensile ductility factor, and failure modes of the locking cylinder of the plug-in self-locking inter-module connection with different configurations. The results show that the weld fracture of the locking plate and the inner insert plate can result in brittle damage to the connection, when the locking plate and the inner insert plate are manufactured as a whole, and the self-locking connection is rendered ineffective by shear fracture of the horizontal locking block. Among all the specimens, the ultimate tensile load capacity of the lock cylinder of Specimen R70NCB40 can reach around 293 kN with a tensile ductility factor of around 4, showing better mechanical properties. In addition, the thickness ratio of different components of a lock cylinder (i.e. hP: hC: hI) plays an important role in governing the mechanical capacity of the lock cylinder due to its relatively low tensile strength achieved through reducing the thickness of the inner insert plate (i.e., R70NCB40). This demonstrates a better mechanical performance of the cylinder through fully utilizing the plastic deformation capacity of different components of the locking cylinder. The recommended thickness ratio of different components of the lock cylinder (i.e. hP: hC: hI) is 1:1:0.68. Finally, based on the experimental and FEM results, an empirical theoretical model for the lock cylinder of a plug-in self-locking connection was proposed for the design of plug-in self-locking connections in engineering practice.

Numerical simulation and field tests on vertical load bearing behaviour of bored root piles

Bored root piles are a new type of pile in which the load-bearing capacity can be significantly improved by jacking prefabricated roots into the soil through reserved holes. In this study, numerical simulations and computations are incorporated with field tests to fully investigate the complex load-bearing behaviour of bored root piles under vertical loading. The established numerical model is validated using a measured load-displacement curve obtained from self-balanced field tests. Using the validated numerical model, the load-transfer mechanism is investigated in terms of the load-displacement curve, axial force, shaft friction, and load-share ratios of different components. Results show that the roots share a significant proportion of the load, whereas the load-share ratios of the different root layers indicate temporal and sequence effects. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of different root configurations on the vertical load-bearing behaviour of bored root piles. The results show that root layer spacing is the most important factor affecting the load-bearing capacity. Three failure modes of bored root piles are formulated in terms of root layer spacing. The results of this study can facilitate the design and application of bored root piles.

The efficacy of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics against experimental trichinellosis

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various technological factors on obtaining of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics with polyvinylpyrrolidone and licorice extract on anthelmintic efficacy in experimental trichinellosis of white mice.Materials and methods. The study of the nematodocidal activity of complex solid dispersions samples based on fenbendazole (FBZ), fenasal (FNS) and praziquantel (PZQ) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and licorice extract (LE) obtained by mechanochemical technology at different ratios of components and different exposure times was carried out on 130 white mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis in two experiments. On the 3rd day after infection, the animals were divided into experimental groups of 10 animals each. Samples of various complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics were administered intragastrically to the mice of the experimental groups at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. FBZ substance was used as the basic drug at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. Animals of the control groups did not receive the drugs. The animals were killed by decapitation on the 4th day after experimental drug samples administration, and the activity of the drugs was counted according to the results of helminthological necropsy of the intestine, the efficacy was calculated by the type of control test.Results and discussion. The efficacy of complex solid dispersions of FBZ and FNS with PVP polymer was higher in comparison with the activity of complexes with LE at the same duration of mechanochemical treatment in a roller mill. The FBZ activity decreased from 67.05 to 37.77% with a decrease in the duration of mechanochemical treatment from 24 h to 5 h and the efficacy of the FBZ : FNS complex with LE turned out to be almost at the level of the basic drug when treated for 1 h. The use of mechanochemical technology for obtaining of a solid dispersion of FBZ : FNS with PVP for targeted delivery makes it possible to increase the anthelmintic efficacy by 2.7 times compared with the activity of the FBZ substance, and with LE by 2.2 times. It was noted that complex solid dispersions of PBZ with PZQ have lower biological activity in comparison with compositions of FBZ with FNS.

STUDY OF AGROCHEMICAL EFFECT OF OBTAINED NEW TYPES OF COMPLEX FERTILIZERS BASED ON KARAKALPAKSTAN AGRO-ORE WITH VARIOUS MINERAL FERTILIZERS

The research in this work is the agrochemical indicators of new types of organomineral fertilizers obtained on the basis of mineral salts and agricultural resources of Karakalpakstan. Experiments were also carried out on various soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The contents of changes in nutrient components in the soil (humus, phosphorus and soil reaction) of various types have been studied. The relative content of water-soluble salts and soil salinity were investigated. Experiments were performed in 4 versions, with different ratios of components.

Аналітичні та експериментальні дослідження властивостей шлаків та шлакоутворюючих сумішей сталеплавильного виробництва

The aim of the study is to analyze and generalize the properties of slags within the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2 system in different ratios of components and their concentrations, which is the basis of refining slags in modern steelmaking. To ensure the technological functions, the slag melt should have a set of optimal values of physical and chemical properties, in particular: viscosity, surface tension, electrical conductivity, melting temperature (beginning and end), enthalpy, density and others, which significantly affect the kinetics of heat and mass transfer processes in the "metal-slag" system. The information resource of researches is provided by own experimental data and data of databases "Slag" and "SFM" containing information about technological properties of melts of slag and oxide systems. The analysis of the data on the dependence of the properties of oxide systems on their chemical composition and temperature was performed. Oxide systems within the chemical composition CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2 are considered. The connection of the chemical composition of slag systems with the properties of their melts from the point of view of the concept of directed chemical bonding using integral parameters is established: ρ is the stoichiometry index; ∆e is the average number of electrons localized in the direction of the cation-anion (K-A) bond; d is the average inter-nuclear distance K-A; tgα is the change in the electron density in the direction of the K-A bond; ZA(A-A), ZK(K-A), ZK(K-K) are the weighted average values of cation and anion charges in the A-A, K-A, K-K bonds. Based on the results of experimental and analytical studies, predictive models of the properties of the considered oxide systems were obtained, namely for the calculation of viscosity, electrical conductivity, crystallization temperature and density of slag melts in the range of their temperatures from 1200°C to 1800°C. The presented method of predicting the properties of refining slags can be used to evaluate the use of slags of different composition in the ladle, for example, in ladle-furnace installations.

ANTIADHESION FLUOROCARBON COATINGS WITH INDUCED SURFACE CHARGE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST BIODEGRADATION

This paper analyzes the results of studying the antimicrobial properties of nanostructured fluorocarbon films deposited on polymers by ion-plasma technology. For the first time, the dependence of the surface charge and antimicrobial properties over time was established. As the negative charge drains, the number of colonies of the studied bacteria and fungi increases. Fluorocarbon films were formed using a two-component gas mixture (CF<sub>4</sub> + C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>) with different ratios of components. Antimicrobial activity on fluorocarbon coatings is maintained for 12 months.

Insights into gas mixing: evidence from hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics

The study of mixed natural gas can clarify the specific sources of natural gas accumulation and provide the basis for the exploitation of natural gas resources. Analysis of gas compositions and carbon isotopic ratios of different components of mixed natural gas shows that the carbon isotopic fractionation of methane and ethane from different sources has a small difference after mixing. This conclusion is derived from the experimental data in Table 1, 0.88 is the average of all Ro values. Well DN8 and DN9 produced light oil with a density between 0.75 and 0.82 g/cm3 and viscosity between 1.63 and 3.3 MPa. Generally, in the high maturity stage of organic matter, the carbon isotopic fractionation values of methane and ethane of natural gas from a single source should display a difference of at least 4.0% to 5.0%. The δ13C value of methane and ethane in well DN8 are only 1.6%. It is considered that the mixing of natural gas from different sources causes this phenomenon.

Development of shape memory polyurethane/SBS compositely modified asphalt and synergistic modification mechanism

To develop new shape memory polyurethane/styrene butadiene styrene (SMPU/SBS) compositely modified asphalt (PSA) with obvious shape memory property, and to reveal the synergistic modification mechanism and shape memory effect, the optimum blending ratio of different components in PSA and its preparation method were determined by orthogonal test and range analysis. Then the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), shape memory property test, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to study the phase transition temperature, shape memory property, chemical component compatibility, microphase separation and microscopic morphology of PSA samples. The results show that the developed PSA has better anti-deformation and anti-cracking properties, and the modifiers are compatible with matrix asphalt. The phase transition temperature of PSA is accommodative with the working temperature of asphalt pavement. Also, the shape recovery of SMPU can be stimulated by natural environment temperature, which improves the self-healing efficiency of damage or crack in PSA. The obvious microphase separation occurs between soft and hard segments in SMPU, so the shape memory property of PSA is better than that of SBS modified asphalt (SA). SMPU chemically modifies asphalt, which improves the orientation and arrangement of hard segments in SMPU, as well as the agglomeration, crystallization and precipitation of hard segments occur during the cooling. All these lead to the microphase separation between soft and hard segments, improving the shape memory properties of PSA. After the composite modification, the crystal size and spacing of hard segments in SMPU become smaller, as well as a continuous, stable and compact spatial network structure is formed in PSA. These increase the anti-deformation and shape recovery properties of PSA, as well as are conducive to improve the self-healing efficiency of damage or crack in PSA. This study reveals the synergistic modification mechanism of SMPU and SBS on asphalt, as well as the shape memory effect of PSA.

Flow of polymer blends—Developing a deformation-induced morphology followed by analytical scanning electron microscopy

We applied a new experimental method for studying the evolution of the morphology in the flow of polymer blends. This so-called analytic scanning electron microscopy is based on spectroscopy of Auger electron transitions, which is widely used for catching foreign atoms in metals, alloys, and ceramic articles but has remained unknown in polymer science. The possibility of applying this approach to polymer blends became possible when choosing two polymers that are composed of different atoms. We have used polysulfone with sulfur in the main chain and a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolymer (LCP) of polyethylene terephthalate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which has significantly more oxygen atoms in its composition than polysulfone. In addition, LCP has lower viscosity. The blends with different ratios of components were extruded through a capillary at different shear rates. The components are randomly distributed, and no significant changes in the spatial distribution or the radial migration over the volume were observed during the low shear deformations. At high shear rates, phase separation takes place, emulsification of dispersed droplets of a low-viscous phase occurs, and these droplets were drawn along the streamlines, forming a self-arranged bundle of the strings. The increase in the radial transfer, leading to the phase separation, is most likely determined by the deformations and not by the shear rate. If the concentration of the low-viscous phase is high enough, it squeezed out of the extrudate body, forming a coverlayer on the convergent stream at the capillary inlet. The apparent viscosity of the blend strongly depends on the concentration of the low-viscous component. This can be explained by the combination of the predominant flow inside low-viscous strings and the existence of the low viscous “lubricant” on the periphery of the stream. The structure of the blend is destroyed at sufficiently high deformation rates apparently due to the emergence of the elastic turbulence.

Intranasally administered thermosensitive gel for brain-targeted delivery of rhynchophylline to treat Parkinson’s disease

The aim of this study is to overcome the obstacle of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in therapeutic drugs of Parkinson's disease (PD), like rhynchophylline (RIN) entry by intranasal administration and to solve the problem of short residence time of drugs in the nasal cavity by the dosage form design of thermosensitive gel. We first conducted a study of the screening of absorption enhancers and 3% hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was effective to improve the nasal mucosal permeability of RIN. By adjusting the ratio of different components in order to make the gel with adhesion and rapid gelation which were determined to be Poloxamer 407 (P407) 20%, Poloxamer 188 (P188) 1%, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) 1% and HP-β-CD 3%. In addition, the characterization showed that the thermosensitive gel was network cross-linked, rapidly gelation upon entry into the nasal cavity and was stable as semi-solid state with adhesion as well as sustained release properties. Moreover, pharmacokinetic study was performed to evaluate the bioavailability and brain targeting of RIN thermosensitive gel and which were 1.6 times and 2.1 times higher than those of oral administration. We also evaluated the anti-PD effects of RIN thermosensitive gel in-vitro as well as in-vivo. The results showed that RIN thermosensitive gel was effective in repairing the motor function impairment, dysregulated expression levels of oxidative stress factors, and positive neuronal damage within the substantia nigra and dopamine caused by PD. The constructed intranasal drug administration strategy through thermosensitive gel provided a new choice for targeted treatment of PD together with other central nervous system diseases.

Revealing the thermal stability and component heat contribution ratio of overcharged lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway

The thermal stability of overcharged lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and heat contribution ratio of different components during thermal runaway are unclear. This paper investigates the thermal stability changes of the full battery and components after overcharging. The degradation mechanism of thermal stability induced by overcharging is revealed. The onset temperature of exothermic reactions of LIBs decreases with the increase of state of charge (SOC) - to as low as 31.7 °C at 165% SOC - due to internal short-circuit caused by separator piercing. The activation energy of exothermic side reactions decreases with the increase of SOC. The heat contribution ratio of different battery components is revealed, showing about 80% contribution from cathode at 100% and 120% SOC during thermal runaway. However, the heat contribution ratio from anode becomes bigger (about 60%) at SOC ≥140%, because of a large amount of heat released by the reaction of the electrolyte and lithium deposited at the anode side. Overcharge accelerates the phase transition of cathode crystal structure from a layered rhombohedral structure (R-3m) to the disordered spinel (Fd-3m) phase, which reduces the thermal stability of LIBs. These findings provide a theoretical basis for material-level safe design to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway.

Three-Dimensionally Conducting Network in Graphene-Based Composite Fibers toward Enhanced Electrochemical and Toughness Performance in Fibrous Supercapacitors

As one of the most promising energy storage devices, graphene-based fibrous supercapacitors (FSSCs) are attracting intensive attention. However, the conflict between specific capacitance and intrinsic brittleness of pure graphene fibers hinders their practical applications. Herein, we develop a strategy to fabricate graphene-based ternary composite CNT/MXene/graphene (CMG) fiber electrodes with high toughness and high electrical and electrochemical performance. These resulting properties are attributed to the three-dimensional cross-linked conducting network within graphene sheets through covalent bonding and π–π interaction among acidified carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets, and MXene, which greatly contributes to the enhanced tensile strength, toughness, and electrical transport in the CMG fiber. The CMG fiber with the optimized mass ratio of different components shows a high toughness of ∼1.7 MJ m–3 and an electrical conductivity of 420 S cm–1, which is 4- and 2-fold that of reduced graphene oxide fiber, respectively. The assembled FSSC based on the optimized CMG fiber exhibits an areal capacitance of 237 mF cm–2 and a good rate performance of 85%.

Magnetic CoNi nanoparticles-decoated Ti3C2Tx MXene as excellent electromagnetic wave absorber

Due to their unique two-dimensional layered structure and high dielectric loss, transition metal carbides (MXene) are noticed in microwave absorption. To improve the poor impedance matching and single loss mechanism of pure MXene materials, the CoNi/Ti3C2Tx composite with a particle-anchored multilayered structure was successfully fabricated. CoNi alloy particles were uniformly anchored between the Ti3C2Tx film layers. By changing the mass ratio of different components, the influence of CoNi alloy content on the microwave absorption performance of composites was explored. When the mass ratio of MXene to CoNi alloy is 1:6, the RLmin reach −42.5 dB at 8.99 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) reaches 5.61 GHz. Compared with the same type of composite materials, CoNi/Ti3C2Tx possess better microwave absorption performance at low frequency. The loss mechanism of CoNi/Ti3C2Tx is systematically analyzed. The results show that CoNi/Ti3C2Tx is an absorber with excellent performance and controllable effective absorption bandwidth.

Сhemical composition, nutrient and energy content of feed biomass from triticale yargo and peas for different technologies of co-cultivation

Aim. To establish indicators of chemical composition, nutrition and energy intensity of spring triticale and seed pea in single-species and compatible crops depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, analytical. Results. The results of studies on the chemical composition of fodder annual binary agrophytocenoses with the participation of triticale spring pea seed with different ratios of components and different fertilizers on black earth soils of the Forest Steppe, which were conducted annually during 2020–2022, are shown. Conclusions. The inclusion of spring peas in the leguminous-cereal mixture of triticale improves the chemical composition of the feed, increasing the content of crude protein in the dry weight of the feed from 12.9 to 14.8−16.3%, or by 1.9−3.4%. At the same time, the content of protein and crude fat in the dry mass increases, the digestibility of the dry mass in vitro − by 3−7%, the nutritional value according to the content of feed units, the energy intensity according to the content of exchangeable energy − the supply of one feed unit with digestible protein − from 83 to 112−128 g, raw ash − by 0.3−0.6%, calcium − by 0.06−0.10%, magnesium − by 0.01−0.06%, Ca:P ratio and the content of crude fiber decreases by 1.5−3.1%, potassium and the K:(Ca+Mg) ratio. With the introduction of humigran in the dry mass of triticale, pea and their compatible crops, the content of crude protein increases by 1.4−2.0%, protein – by 0.4−1.9%, and N45P45K45 − by 1.4−2,5% and 0.8−2.4%. Under the influence of these fertilizers, the content of crude fat, fodder units, exchangeable energy, supply of digestible protein, raw ash of the fodder unit in the dry weight of the forage simultaneously increases, and the content of non-nitrogenous extractive substances decreases in all grass stands.

One‐Step Spraying Fabrication of Superomniphobic Coatings with Anti‐Flame, Anti‐Corrosive, and Mechanochemically Durable Ability

AbstractA durable and high‐quality superomniphobic coating that gives good repellency to water and organic liquid with lower surface tension is critical for basic research and practical applications. Although it has made significant progress, incorporating flame retardancy without sacrificing its superomniphobicity and durability remains a challenge. Here, these challenges are addressed by one‐step spraying suspension consisting of epoxy resin, micro/nano‐particles, and flame retardant. The durability and flame retardancy can be regulated by adjusting the mass ratio of different components and curing temperature. The resulting coating possesses good superomniphobicity (repelling liquids with surface tension as low as 21 mN m−1) and mechanochemical durability even under severe environments such as harsh abrasion, high temperature, erosion of aqua regia, and other strong alkaline substances. In addition, the coating is resistant to metal corrosion and exhibits excellent flame retardance ability. Combined with this convenient spraying process, the coating is more conducive to realizing industrial production.

Lattice-mismatch-free growth of organic heterostructure nanowires from cocrystals to alloys

Organic heterostructure nanowires, such as multiblock, core/shell, branch-like and related compounds, have attracted chemists’ extensive attention because of their novel physicochemical properties. However, owing to the difficulty in solving the lattice mismatch of distinct molecules, the construction of organic heterostructures at large scale remains challenging, which restricts its wide use in future applications. In this work, we define a concept of lattice-mismatch-free for hierarchical self-assembly of organic semiconductor molecules, allowing for the large-scale synthesis of organic heterostructure nanowires composed of the organic alloys and cocrystals. Thus, various types of organic triblock nanowires are prepared in large scale, and the length ratio of different segments of the triblock nanowires can be precisely regulated by changing the stoichiometric ratio of different components. These results pave the way towards fine synthesis of heterostructures in a large scale and facilitate their applications in organic optoelectronics at micro/nanoscale.